The Material Library, found in the Property Tree, provides an environment where all Materials and entities directly related to those Materials can be stored. This Material Library is considered part of the Database, meaning its contents can be shared across Projects. This also means that this data can be incorporated into a Database Template, which can then be used by several different team members to enforce consistency. In a corporate environment, material properties and corresponding entities can be managed by one or more HyperX administrators and can easily be deployed, enforcing their use for all engineers.
Each Material Type has its own library window, which lists all Materials of that type found in the Database and facilitates the creation, edit, import, etc. of those Materials. An example of the Metallic Material Library window is shown below.
There are five main Material Types that can be created and referenced.
Metallic, or Isotropic, materials are characterized by stiffness and strength properties which are independent of direction. These Materials are found in Library section of the Property Tree and are defined using the corresponding Metallic Form - an example of which is shown in the screenshot below:
This definition form was developed based on common material data references, such as MMPDS. Other than basic entities, all other properties are considered to be temperature-dependent and can be added to the form accordingly.
HyperX will linearly interpolate the Material properties based on the reference temperature of the analysis. If the reference temperature is outside the bounds of the material temperatures, the nearest temperature will be used. No extrapolation is performed.
Attributes of Metals
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Metals are referenced by a Design Property- this ensures that the corresponding stiffness and strength properties are applied to the design during Analysis/Sizing.
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Metals, as with all Materials, are Database-level entities, and are therefore shared between Projects in a Database.
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Metals can be linked to FEM material definitions via the FEM Material ID dialog box.
Related Workflows
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Metallic Strength Failure Criteria: All metallic strength failure criteria reference the stress allowables defined on the metal. See Metallic Strength Criteria for a summary of how these values are incorporated into their respective criteria.
Composite Materials are used to represent fiber-reinforced materials with directionally dependent stiffness and allowable properties. Composite materials are characterized by a continuous matrix reinforced with directional fibers. After curing, both the fiber and matrix constituents influence the lamina properties. These Materials are found in Library section of the Property Tree.
This definition form was developed based on common material data references, such as MMPDS. Other than basic entities, all other properties are considered to be temperature-dependent and can be added to the form accordingly.
Attributes of Composites
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Composites, as with all Materials, are Database-level entities and are therefore shared between Projects in a Database.
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Composites are referenced by Laminates. Laminates, and the Laminate Families that they make up, are then applied to a Design Property. This ensures that the corresponding stiffness and strength properties are applied to the required Zones during Analysis/Sizing.
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Composites can be linked to FEM material definitions via the FEM Material ID dialog box.
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The laminate allowables are defined in the Orthotropic Material form as a function of ply percentages. Ply percentages can be expressed as:
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Percentage of 0° fibers (%0)
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Percentage of ±45° fibers (%45)
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Angle Minus Load (AML = %45 - %0)
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A general polynomial
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1/Kt-1/3 values
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Bending Factor: The bending factor is used to scale down the ply strain resulting from pure bending loads.
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For combined membrane-bending loading, the ply margins of safety are calculated by superimposing the ply strains from pure membrane load and pure bending.
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Experimental data shows laminates loaded in pure bending have higher critical strains than the same laminates loaded in pure membrane. The data suggests using a pure bending strain allowable greater than the membrane strain allowable is more accurate for failure prediction.
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To account for this, a bending factor is used to scale down the ply strain resulting from pure bending loads. A typical value for the bending factor is 1.3 which has been widely used in industry when test data is unavailable.
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Special type of material: Effective Laminates.
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Read-only: only generated by HyperX and not manually editable by the user.
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Homogenized representation of a laminate of a specified composition of ply angles (indicated on the Material Form).
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Indicated by Material Family selection on the orthotropic material form.
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Correction Factors
Correction Factors for Composite Materials are specified using the Correction Factors Form.
General Operation
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Each property (allowables, stiffness, etc.) of Composite Materials appear in grouped rows.
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Up to 9 independent Correction Factors may be applied to a given Material property.
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Corrections are multiplicative - the values are multiplied together before being used to adjust the material properties to a corrected value for Analysis and Sizing
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Unused Corrections (columns where all Correction Factors are a constant value of 1) may be hidden from view using the toggle at the bottom of the form.
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Corrected values are used for ply-based and laminate-based strength analysis; bearing and bypass corrections are used for bearing-bypass joint analysis
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In addition to constant Correction values, equation-based or tabular Corrections may be entered in the Correction Data Definition form - accessed via right-clicking on a cell in this table.
Correction Data Definition
Composite Correction Factor data for Material properties are entered and managed through the Correction Data Definition form.
Modes
There are three primary modes to choose from for defining correction data:
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Constant - A single value is used to adjust the property.
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Equation - Corrections are computed based on the specified equation form, with "cutoffs" for minimum and maximum computed values.
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Tabular - A table of data points is provided which are used to compute Correction Factors.
Equation-Based Corrections
HyperX features five commonly used corrections equations with manually set constants and bounds so you can make Correction Factors for elastic stiffness, stress, and strain allowables. You can use the Plot tool to display correction curve(s) and visualize changes in real time.
Tabular Correction Data
Tabular Corrections are available for bearing or bypass stress (used for joint bearing-bypass analysis) and the Composite Strength Plugin.
When entering tabular data:
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Database Advanced Settings must allow for tabular input.
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Those can be viewed by selecting "Advanced Settings" from the Database tab of the Ribbon. On the "Miscellaneous" tab, verify "Enable tabular correction input for all properties" is set to "Yes".
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Independent variable(s) for the Correction are added through the "Add Variable" dropdown.
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One variable must be chosen as "Interpolated" from the upper table. The variable selected will be the basis of the x-axis of the graph.
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In the lower table, the data points must be fully defined: all values for the independent variable(s) and the resulting Correction Factor.
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For more information, see How To Implement Correction Factors on Composite Allowables.
Related Workflows
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Composite Strength Failure Criteria: All composite strength failure criteria reference the stress/strain allowables defined on the Composite Material - both for the laminate-level and ply-level analyses.
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Detailed Sizing: Composite Materials and Effective Laminates are both used in the process to Generate Discrete Laminates from Effective Laminates.
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Rapid Sizing: The only input needed for Rapid Sizing of composite panels is a selection of a Composite Material.
Foam materials are most commonly used in sandwich structures to provide a lightweight, yet buckling efficient, core option. These Materials are found in Library section of the Property Tree and are defined using the corresponding Foam Form - an example of which is shown in the screenshot below:
Other than basic entities, all other properties are considered to be temperature-dependent and can be added to the form accordingly.
HyperX will linearly interpolate the Material properties based on the reference temperature of the analysis. If the reference temperature is outside the bounds of the material temperatures, the nearest temperature will be used. No extrapolation is performed.
Attributes of Foams
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Foams are referenced by a Design Property - this ensures that the corresponding stiffness and strength properties are applied to the selected Zones during Analysis/Sizing.
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Foams, as with all Materials, are Database-level entities, and are therefore shared between Projects in a Database.
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Foams can be linked to FEM material definitions via the FEM Material ID dialog box.
Related Workflows
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Sandwich Failure Criteria: Foam Materials are most commonly used for the core of sandwich designs. Their properties, therefore, are used in the various sandwich failure methodologies, as outlined in Sandwich Failure Criteria.
Honeycomb materials are most commonly used in sandwich structures to provide a lightweight, yet buckling efficient, core option. These Materials are found in Library section of the Property Tree and are defined using the corresponding Honeycomb Form - an example of which is shown in the screenshot below:
Other than basic entities, all other properties are considered to be temperature dependent and can be added to the form accordingly.
HyperX will linearly interpolate the Material properties based on the reference temperature of the analysis. If the reference temperature is outside the bounds of the material temperatures, the nearest temperature will be used. No extrapolation is performed.
Attributes of Honeycombs
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Honeycombs are referenced by a Design Property- this ensures that the corresponding stiffness and strength properties are applied to selected Zones during Analysis/Sizing.
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Honeycombs, as with all Materials, are Database-level entities, and are therefore shared between Projects in a Database.
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Honeycombs can be linked to FEM material definitions via the FEM Material ID dialog box.
Related Workflows
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Sandwich Failure Criteria: Honeycomb materials are most commonly used for the core of sandwich designs. Their properties, therefore, are used in the various sandwich failure methodology, as outlined in Sandwich Failure Criteria.
Adhesive Materials represent materials that are capable of holding entities together. In HyperX, they are used in defining Design Properties for Bonded Joints. These Materials are found in Library section of the Property Tree and are defined using the corresponding Adhesive Form - an example of which is shown in the screenshot below:
This definition form was developed based on common material data references, such as MMPDS. Other than basic values, all other properties are considered to be temperature dependent and can be added to the form accordingly.
HyperX will linearly interpolate the Material properties based on the reference temperature of the analysis. If the reference temperature is outside the bounds of the material temperatures, the nearest temperature will be used. No extrapolation is performed.
Attributes of Adhesives
Related Workflows
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Bonded Joint Sizing: Adhesive materials are an input for Bonded Joint definitions and sizing. See Joint Design Properties.
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As part of this, HyperX offers failure methods to specifically assess the adhesive material. See Adhesive Failure Criteria.
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